Gabon

Roland Pourtier, Le Gabon, 2 vol. (1989), provides an introduction. Institut P�dagogique National (Gabon), G�ographie et cartographie du Gabon (1983), is an illustrated atlas. Two studies of the Mpongwe are Henry Bucher, �The Atlantic Slave Trade and the Gabon Estuary: The Mpongwe to 1860,� in Paul E. Lovejoy (ed.), Africans in Bondage (1986), pp. 137 - 154, and �The Village of Glass and Western Intrusion: An Mpongwe Response to the American and French Presence in the Gabon Estuary: 1842 - 1845,� The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 6(3):363 - 400 (1973). James W. Fernandez, Bwiti: An Ethnography of the Religious Imagination in Africa (1982), examines the most important syncretic cult. Pierre-Claver Maganga-Moussavou, Economic Development - Does Aid Help? (1983; originally published in French, 1982), critiques French economic involvement in independent Gabon. Marc Aicardi de Saint-Paul, Gabon: The Development of a Nation (1989; originally published in French, 1987), discusses economic policies and conditions.